← All labs · EE-410L Communication Systems Lab · UMT · Fall 2026
Lab 9.
Frequency
Modulation.
A working 3D copy of the IT-4103 FM Modulation / Demodulation Trainer on a lab bench, with a two channel oscilloscope, a spectrum analyzer, a multimeter and a frequency counter. Tune the varactor and reactance modulators to 455 kHz, feed them audio and watch the carrier frequency swing, exactly as the manual describes.
Read the concepts first →Before you start
Your details
When you enter, your name, ID, section and network (IP) address are recorded for attendance. Your readings and report stay on this computer.
01
Read the concepts page: FM, deviation, the varactor and reactance modulators, Bessel lines and Carson's rule.
02
Guided mode walks through every manual step and ticks it when the bench is really set.
03
Record readings and export a PDF sheet with scope and spectrum captures.
Designed by
Fasih Ullah Saleem